CLASSES
Other Similar Ocular Products
Urinary Analgesics and Anesthetics
DESCRIPTION
Oral urinary tract analgesic; an azo dye than causes urine discoloration with use
For relief of symptoms of urinary irritation as occurs with urinary tract infection (UTI); should not be used for more than 2 days when given concomitantly with an antibiotic as no benefit to longer use
May cause rare cases of methemoglobinemia; should not be used by those with G6PD deficiency or renal insufficiency
COMMON BRAND NAMES
AZO, AZO Urinary Pain Relief Maximum Strength, Azo-100, Azo-Gesic, Azo-Septic, Azo-Standard, Phenazo, Prodium, Pyridium, Similasan Stye Eye Relief, Stye Eye Relief, Urinary Analgesic, Uristat, Uristat Ultra
HOW SUPPLIED
AZO Urinary Pain Relief Maximum Strength/Azo-100/Azo-Gesic/Azo-Septic/Azo-Standard/Phenazo/Phenazopyridine/Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride/Prodium/Pyridium/Urinary Analgesic/Uristat/Uristat Ultra Oral Tab: 95mg, 97.5mg, 99.5mg, 100mg, 200mg
Stye Eye Relief Ophthalmic Drops: 6-12-12X
DOSAGE & INDICATIONS
For the symptomatic relief of dysuria, urinary urgency, irritation, and other discomforts of the lower urinary tract caused by infection, trauma, surgery, endoscopic procedures, or the passage of sounds or catheters.
Oral dosage
Adults
190 to 200 mg PO 3 times daily with or after meals. When used non-prescription or concomitantly with an antibacterial agent for the treatment of a urinary tract infection, use should not exceed 2 days. For short-term use only; discontinue when symptoms are controlled.
Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years
190 to 200 mg PO 3 times daily with or after meals. When used non-prescription or concomitantly with an antibacterial agent for the treatment of a urinary tract infection, use should not exceed 2 days. For short-term use only; discontinue when symptoms are controlled.
Children 6 to 11 years†
Safety and efficacy have not been established; off-label use has been described. Use should be by prescription of a health care professional; do not self-treat. Dose used: 4 mg/kg/dose PO 3 times daily with or after meals for up to 2 days.
MAXIMUM DOSAGE
Adults
600 mg/day PO.
Geriatric
600 mg/day PO.
Adolescents
600 mg/day PO.
Children
12 years: 600 mg/day PO.
6 to 11 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established; however, 12 mg/kg/day PO has been reported.
1 to 5 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Infants
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Neonates
Safety and efficacy have not been established.
DOSING CONSIDERATIONS
Hepatic Impairment
Dosage adjustment is recommended; however, specific guidelines are not available. Phenazopyridine is metabolized in the liver to potentially active and/or toxic metabolites.
Renal Impairment
CrCl > 80 ml/min: No dosage adjustment is needed.
CrCl 50—80 ml/min: Administer dose every 8—16 hours.
CrCl < 50 ml/min: Avoid use.
ADMINISTRATION
Oral Administration
Administer phenazopyridine with or after meals to minimize GI discomfort.
Administer with a full glass of water.
Do not administer for longer than directed; most patients will take the drug for no more than 2 days.
Extemporaneous Compounding-Oral
Extemporaneous compounding instructions for Phenazopyridine oral suspension 10 mg/mL:
An oral suspension yielding 10 mg/mL may be formulated according to the following procedure:
Crush three phenazopyridine 200 mg tablets and mix with a small amount of distilled water or glycerin.
Then, add 20 mL of Cologel and levigate until a uniform mixture is obtained.
Add sufficient 2:1 simple syrup/cherry syrup mixture to make a final volume of 60 mL.
Store in an amber container. Preparation is stable for 60 days under refrigeration.
Shake well before each use.
For accurrate dose measurement, use a calibrated oral syringe, spoon, or other calibrated oral measuring device. Give dose with or after meals and with a full glass of water.
STORAGE
AZO:
- Protect from light
- Store at room temperature (between 59 to 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
AZO Urinary Pain Relief Maximum Strength:
- Protect from light
- Store at room temperature (between 59 to 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Azo-100:
- Store between 68 to 77 degrees F, excursions permitted 59 to 86 degrees F
Azo-Gesic:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Azo-Septic:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Azo-Standard:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Phenazo:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Prodium:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Pyridium:
- Store between 68 to 77 degrees F, excursions permitted 59 to 86 degrees F
Similasan Stye Eye Relief:
- Discard product if it contains particulate matter, is cloudy, or discolored
- Product should be used within 30 days after opening
Stye Eye Relief:
- Discard product if it contains particulate matter, is cloudy, or discolored
- Product should be used within 30 days after opening
Urinary Analgesic :
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Uristat:
- Protect from light
- Store between 15 to 30 degrees C (59 - 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Uristat Relief:
- Protect from direct sunlight
- Store at controlled room temperature (between 68 and 77 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
Uristat Ultra:
- Protect from light
- Store at room temperature (between 59 to 86 degrees F)
- Store in a dry place
CONTRAINDICATIONS / PRECAUTIONS
General Information
Phenazopyridine should not be used in patients who have previously exhibited previous phenazopyridine hypersensitivity.
The use of phenazopyridine for relief of urinary symptoms should not delay the definitive diagnosis and treatment of causative conditions. Because phenazopyridine only provides symptomatic relief, appropriate treatment of the cause of pain must be initiated and phenazopyridine should be discontinued when symptoms are controlled.
Phenazopyridine should not be used for more than 2 days in a patient being treated for a urinary tract infection. There is no evidence that the combined administration of phenazopyridine and an antibacterial provides greater benefit than administration of the antibacterial alone after 2 days.
Geriatric, renal disease, renal failure, renal impairment
Phenazopyridine is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment, including renal failure. Patients with renal disease should consult with their doctor prior to use. In other patients, a yellowish tinge of the skin or sclera during therapy may indicate accumulation of the drug due to impaired renal excretion. If this occurs, the drug should be discontinued. Because renal function may decline with advancing age, phenazopyridine should be used with caution in geriatric patients.
G6PD deficiency
Use of phenazopyridine can cause methemoglobinemia or hemolytic anemia. Because glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) may predispose to hemolysis, phenazopyridine should not be used in this patient population unless under close supervision of their health care provider.
Contact lenses
Phenazopyridine is an azo dye. Phenazopyridine produces an orange to red color in the urine and may stain fabric. The staining of the urine is not harmful, but care should be taken to prevent stains on clothing. Irreversible staining of soft contact lenses has been reported.
Pregnancy, pregnancy testing
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of phenazopyridine use in pregnant women. Reproduction studies in rats at doses up to 50 mg/kg/day have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus; however, because animal reproduction studies are not always predictive of human response, phenazopyridine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed.[57312] Self-treatment by women of child-bearing potential is not recommended unless pregnancy testing confirms a lack of pregnancy. Awoman who is pregnant should consult her health care provider before use.[60797]
Breast-feeding
It is not known whether phenazopyridine is excreted in human milk. Cases of acquired methemoglobinemia in infants after phenazopyridine ingestion have been reported. Phenazopyridine and its metabolites (i.e., aniline) may have the potential to produce methemoglobinemia. Therefore, it is prudent to avoid phenazopyridine use while breast-feeding, especially with an infant less than 1 month of age or has a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. [45694] [45704]
Laboratory test interference
Due to its properties as an azo dye, phenazopyridine may cause laboratory test interference with urinalysis based on spectrometry or color reactions. Laboratory tests which may be affected include urinary glucose tests and urinary ketone tests.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Severe
hemolytic anemia / Delayed / Incidence not known
methemoglobinemia / Early / Incidence not known
renal tubular necrosis / Delayed / Incidence not known
aseptic meningitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
anaphylactoid reactions / Rapid / Incidence not known
Moderate
elevated hepatic enzymes / Delayed / Incidence not known
eosinophilia / Delayed / Incidence not known
hepatitis / Delayed / Incidence not known
jaundice / Delayed / Incidence not known
Mild
fever / Early / Incidence not known
urine discoloration / Early / Incidence not known
contact lens discoloration / Delayed / Incidence not known
pruritus / Rapid / Incidence not known
rash / Early / Incidence not known
headache / Early / Incidence not known
DRUG INTERACTIONS
There are no drug interactions associated with Phenazopyridine products.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Pregnancy
It is not known whether phenazopyridine is excreted in human milk. Cases of acquired methemoglobinemia in infants after phenazopyridine ingestion have been reported. Phenazopyridine and its metabolites (i.e., aniline) may have the potential to produce methemoglobinemia. Therefore, it is prudent to avoid phenazopyridine use while breast-feeding, especially with an infant less than 1 month of age or has a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. [45694] [45704]
MECHANISM OF ACTION
The mechanism of action of phenazopyridine has not been fully determined. Phenazopyridine is an azo dye that is excreted in the urine and exerts a topical analgesic or local anesthetic effect on the mucosa of the urinary tract. It possesses no antibacterial actions.
PHARMACOKINETICS
Phenazopyridine is administered orally. The pharmacokinetic disposition of phenazopyridine has not been fully established. Trace amounts of the drug are believed to cross the placenta and to enter the CSF. Metabolism of phenazopyridine probably occurs in the liver; one of the metabolites is acetaminophen. The drug is rapidly excreted by the kidneys, with as much as 65% of an oral dose excreted unchanged in the urine.